Background: The blood in the umbilical cord that provides the connection between mother and fetus during pregnancy is called cord blood. The blood of umbilical cord which is usually got rid of following birth, is a very rich stem cell source. Objective: Cord blood collection gives no harm to the mother and baby. Besides, its allogeneic and au-tologous usage, the most important disadvantage is that the number of cells is insufficient in adults. Conclusion: Today, it is predominantly used for therapeutic puiposes for many diseases. The aim of this review is giving a detailed information about groups of stem cells in cord blood and determining the point of clinical use. Placenta and attachments are thrown out of the uterus by completing the tasks in pregnancy, very shortly after the baby's birth. Until recently, this blood is known as the "cord blood" which is a rich source of stem cells which is perceived as a biological waste and discarded along with the placenta and umbilical cord. UCB (Umbilical Cord Blood) is an alternative to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell source with a potential for hematologic diseases. Cord Blood Stem Cells (CCHF) is one of the multipotent stem cell sources which involved stem cell classifications in the 80's. Recently, the main factors that make cord blood attractive are; it can be used as a source for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as an alternative to bone marrow and peripheral blood and other contained stem cells have the potential to be used in cell-based therapies. This year, 25 years have been completed since the first cord blood transplantation to a child with Fanconi Anemia in France. UCB banking and transplantation have begun to increase consistently in these 25 years.
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