Neuroimmune dysregulation in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders

摘要

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a global epidemic, directly infecting approximately 0.8 of people in the world, and indirectly affecting countless others.1 Chronic immune activation, measured by cell proliferation, metabolic activity, or changed chemokine/cytokine or proteome profiles, is a hallmark of progressive HIV infection and predicts systemic disease progression more accurately than plasma viral load.2,3 The neuropathophysiology of HIV infection appears to be driven in part by this chronic peripheral immune activation, resulting in an independent central immune dysregulation involving alteration in macrophage, T-lymphocyte, B-lymphocyte, microglial, and/or astrocyte functional capabilities.