Evaluation of proadifen HCL as a synergist for temporary immobilization and toxicity of eight chemicals in coturnix quail

摘要

AbstractProadifen HCl (SKF‐525A), a hepatic microsomal enzyme inhibitor, was evaluated as a synergist for eight chemicals that produced temporary immobilization (TI) at sublethal levels in birds. Probit analysis showed that Proadifen HCl administered orally and concurrently at 100 mg/kg to quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with four of the test chemicals (alpha‐chloralose, chlordiaz‐epoxide, nicotine sulfate and phencyclidine) significantly lowered (p= 0.05) the estimated median lethal (LD50) and/or temporary immobilization response (TI50). Proadifen HCl reduced the LD50 dose foralpha‐chloralose 1.56‐fold and the TI50 2.03‐fold; the TI50 dose for chlordiazepoxide HCl 2.47‐fold; the LD50 dose for nicotine sulfate 4.10‐fold and the TI50 2.98‐fold; and the LD50 dose for phencyclidine HCl 2.35‐fold and the TI50 27.5‐fold. The synergism exhibited by Proadifen HCl with metomidate and tribromoethanol was less or negative. The LD50 of metomidate was reduced 1.96‐fold, but the TI50 was not affected. The LD50 of tribromoethanol was increased 1.15‐fold, but the TI50 was reduced by a factor of 1.48. There was no synergism between Proadifen HCl and methiocarb or pentobarbital. These data show that the LD50 and/or TI50 of temporary immobilizing agents for birds can be affected by the use of a synergist such as Proadifen HCl, and indicate that synergism between bird control chemicals or pesticides and drugs could be used to improve efficacy, lower application rates and reduce en