The numerical requirements for liquid metal MI-ID flows with free surfaces are considerable. A stable, time-accurate Navier-Stokes solver is needed, with the ability to handle free surfaces in the presence of strong internal circulations. In addition, the solver must avoid numerical instabilities associated with the free surface motion. Another requirement is the flexibility to calculate the two-way coupling between liquid flow and evolution of the electromagnetic field. Furthermore, in some circumstances it is necessary to calculate the evolving field both inside and outside the liquid domain. Finally, there is the issue of turbulence modelling, complicated by the anisotrophic character of the turbulent energy induced by the magnetic field. To do this with any efficiency requires substantial segregation of the variables in the algorithm. This paper describes an approach using operator splitting and conjugate gradient methods, and developed with the partial differential equations solving program Fastflo. The paper emphasizes the computational electromagnetic aspects associated with the motion of the free surface. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. References: 6
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