Active photonic devices have been making remarkable progress and are getting more and more important in a variety of fields, such as electronics, information and communications. Since communication traffic is still continuing to grow, the increase of transport capacity in optical fiber networks for long haul, metro and access systems is strongly demanded, where the active photonic device as one of the major components is deployed in optical transmitters and receivers. Adding new functions, improvement of their characteristics and reduction of power consumption have recently been expected. One of the remarkable fundamental research topics is resent progress in micro- and nano-lasers, especially metallic and plasmonic nano-lasers. Moreover large capacity of optical interconnection is also demanded in data center networks.
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