The Anopheles gambiae complex contains a number of highly anthropophilic mosquito species that have acquired exceptional ability to thrive in complex human habitats. Thus, examining the evolutionary history of this Afrotropical mosquito may yield vital information on the selective processes that occurred during the adaptation to human-dominated environments. We performed reduced representation sequencing on 941 mosquitoes of the Anopheles gambiae complex collected across four ecogeographic zones in Cameroon. We find evidence for genetic and geographic subdivision within An. coluzzii and An. gambiae sensu stricto-the two most significant malaria vectors in the region. Importantly, in both species, rural and urban populations are genetically differentiated. Genome scans reveal pervasive signatures of selection centered on genes involved in xenobiotic resistance. Notably, a selective sweep containing detoxification enzymes is prominent in urban mosquitoes that exploit polluted breeding sites. Overall, our study suggests that recent anthropogenic environmental modifications and widespread use of insecticides are driving population differentiation and local adaptation in vectors with potentially significant consequences for malaria epidemiology.
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机译:冈比亚按蚊复合体包含许多高度嗜人性的蚊子物种,这些蚊子物种具有在复杂的人类栖息地中茁壮成长的特殊能力。因此,研究这种非洲热带蚊子的进化历史可能会获得有关适应人类主导环境期间发生的选择过程的重要信息。我们对在喀麦隆四个生态地理区收集的冈比亚按蚊复合体的 941 只蚊子进行了简化代表性测序。我们发现了该地区两种最重要的疟疾媒介 An. coluzzii 和 An. gambiae sensu stricto 的遗传和地理细分的证据。重要的是,在这两个物种中,农村和城市种群在遗传上是有区别的。基因组扫描揭示了以异生菌抗性基因为中心的普遍选择特征。值得注意的是,含有解毒酶的选择性清扫在利用污染滋生地的城市蚊子中很突出。总体而言,我们的研究表明,最近的人为环境改变和杀虫剂的广泛使用正在推动媒介的种群分化和局部适应,对疟疾流行病学具有潜在的重大影响。
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