Abstract Energy conversion efficiency is an important characteristic of photothermal self‐healing materials. Herein, reduced graphene oxide‐thermoplastic polyurethane composites (RGO‐TPU) were fabricated via a simple and practical method. The RGO‐TPU composites have a high tensile strength of ~37.4 MPa, and exhibit excellent self‐healing performances under the IR light irradiation, the healing efficiency >99, the healing time <160 s (IR light power density of 0.2 W/cm2). It is worth mentioning that the photothermal conversion efficiency of the composites was investigated detailedly for the first time with a maximum efficiency of ~32. Also, theoretical modeling was performed, and the results were in accordance with the experimental results for the influence of the weight fractions of the RGO on their healing performance. That excellent photothermal conversion efficiency indicates that the RGO‐TPU self‐healing composites have promising potential applications in surface protective coatings, medical protective equipment, building materials, military, and so forth.
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