Porous Organic Polymers-Based Single-Atom Catalysts for Sustainable Energy-Related Electrocatalysis

摘要

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have been emerging as attractive catalyticmaterials in electrocatalysis for sustainable energy storage and conversion. Torealize the practical implementation of SACs, reliable support is highlyimperative to stabilize atomically dispersed metals with strong metal–supportinteraction, tunable local electronic environment, and favorable electron/masstransport. Thanks to great designability and tunability of composition,structure, and morphology, porous organic polymers (POPs) havedemonstrated grand promise as appropriate support platforms toward thedesign of SACs at the molecular level and the fabrication of SACs in acontrolled manner. Herein, a comprehensive overview of recent advancestoward the elucidation of general design principles, effective synthesisapproaches, and fundamental catalytic mechanisms for boosting thedevelopment of high-performance POPs-based SACs in electrocatalytictransformations is provided. The authors first outline rationales for usingPOPs-based supports to stabilize SACs and design principles forelectrocatalysis, followed by discussing fabrication approaches of utilizingPOPs and POPs-derived nanocarbons to host single-atom metals. Then,state-of-the-art POPs-based SACs and their applications in heterogeneouselectrocatalysis (ORR, OER, HER, CO——2RR, and NRR) are discussed, of whichthe focus is on revealing the structure–performance correlation and catalyticmechanisms. Finally, challenges and strategies associated with the rationaldesign of high-performance SACs are suggested.