Baseline Balloon Stratospheric Aerosol Profiles (B 2 SAP)-Systematic Measurements of Aerosol Number Density and Size

摘要

Stratospheric aerosol plays an important role in Earth's radiative balance. Systematic measurements of stratospheric aerosol number concentration and size are needed to characterize their baseline values and variability, improve understanding of aerosol microphysics, and assess the representation of stratospheric aerosol processes in global models. In situ measurements of particle size distribution provide insight into the responses of stratospheric aerosol processes to perturbations from volcanoes and wildfires, anthropogenic emissions from rockets and aircraft, or intentional injections related to climate intervention. The Baseline Balloon Stratospheric Aerosol Profiles (B(2)SAP) project uses compact, lightweight payloads carried by meteorological balloons to measure aerosol number density and size distributions, water vapor, ozone, and meteorological data from the surface to the middle stratosphere. The long-term goal for the B(2)SAP project is to produce climatologies of aerosol number and size distributions into the middle stratosphere at latitudinally distributed measurement sites. Since March 2019, B(2)SAP payloads have been launched from Boulder, CO, USA once to twice per month and four to six times per year from Lauder, NZ. These measurements provide a new record of in situ stratospheric aerosol observations and are being used to help validate satellite-based estimates of stratospheric aerosol size distributions. Here we present 50 vertical profiles from Boulder, CO, from March 2019 to March 2022, to build a NH mid-latitude climatology of stratospheric aerosol and its variability and investigate the impact of natural perturbations on stratospheric aerosol microphysics.