Ecological and Genetic Characteristics of the Phoma-Like Micromycete Calophoma complanata

摘要

Ecological and genetic characteristics of the phoma-like fungus Calophoma complanata were defined. C. complanata is a potential bioherbicide of the giant hogweed. An ecological analysis of the C. complanata sample collection sites showed that this pathogen is found where the humidity is high and the temperature is lower than at other sites of phoma-like micromycetes. The growing degree days >10 DEG;C of the distribution of the species varies between 106.0 (Shetland) and 911.5 (Lublin, Poland), with a rather low average of 570. The minimum and maximum Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient on the boundary of the species area are 3.26 and 1.31, respectively, with an average of 1.9. The species area is characterized by long photoperiods. Classical morphological, histochemical, and molecular methods for founding C. complanata MF-32.121 in plants have been carried out. It is shown that this species, depending on the conditions, can cause the Sosnowsky's hogweed disease, or switches to an endophytic lifestyle. We believe that this is one of the mechanisms allowing the pathogen to survive in harsh natural conditions. The data allow us to predict the effectiveness of mycoherbicides depending on environmental conditions, assess the long-term risks associated with its application, and reveal the spectrum of nontarget biological activities.