Nowadays, Flooded Lead-Acid Batteries (FLAB) during fast-charging and discharging processes, besides the challenges associated with reducing capacity, have major thermal challenges such as temperature rise (TR) and thermal runaway (TRA) phenomena. Moreover, the behavior of gas bubbles in the electrolyte has importance on the battery performance. In this study, to control the TR and TRA phenomena in different FLAB cells during different C-rates of charging and discharging processes, the behavior of gas bubbles in the electrolyte using particle image velocimetry method is investigated. The results show that in the C-rate of C/5, C/7, C/10, the temperature of FLAB cells trends to a certain and safe value, therefore, it is not possible to reach TRA conditions if the charging process continues for these FLAB cells. But in the C-rate of 1C, the temperature of FLAB cells rise sharply, so that the TRA might occur by continuing the charging process. This paper is shown that increase in the temperature is directly related to the void fraction of gas bubbles in the electrolyte and its effect on FLAB polarization resistance. Also, it has been proved that increasing the electrode gaps from 2 to 10 mm in FLAB cells, especially in the C-rates of C/5-1C, is effective in reducing void fraction of gas bubbles, FLAB resistance and thus decreasing TR rate.
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