Watching Paint Dry:Organic Vapor Emissions from Architectural Coatings and their Impact on Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation

摘要

Emissions from volatile chemical products(VCPs)are emerging as a major source of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol(SOA)precursors.Paints and coatings are an important class of VCPs that emit both volatile and intermediate volatility organic compounds(VOCs and IVOCs).In this study,we directly measured I/VOC emissions from representative water-(latex)and oil-based paints used in the U.S.Paint I/VOC emissions vary by several orders of magnitude by both the solvent and gloss level.Oil-based paints had the highest emissions(>10~3 μg/g-paint),whereas low-gloss interior paints(Flat,Satin,and Semigloss)all emitted ~10~2 μg/g-paint.Emissions from interior paints are dominated by VOCs,whereas exterior-use paints emitted a larger fraction of IVOCs.Extended emission tests showed that most I/VOC emissions occur within 12-24 h after paint application,though some paints continue to emit IVOCs for 48 h or more.We used our data to estimate paint I/VOC emissions and the subsequent SOA production in the U.S.Total annual paint I/VOC emissions are 48-155 Gg(0.15-0.48 kg/person).These emissions contribute to the formation of 2.2-7.5 Gg of SOA annually.Oil-based paints contribute 70-98 of I/VOC emissions and 61-99 of SOA formation,even though they only account for a minority of paint usage.