Monitoring and eco-toxicity effect of paraben-based pollutants in sediments/seawater, north of the Persian Gulf

摘要

Abstract The current work is documented as the first record of the characteristics, removal efficiency, partitioning behavior, fate, and eco-toxicological effects of paraben congeners in a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP, stabilization ponds) and hospital WWTPs (septic tank and activated sludge), as well as seawater-sediments collected from runoff estuarine stations (RES) and coastal stations (CS) of the north of the Persian Gulf. The median values of Σparabens at the raw wastewater and effluent of the studied WWTPs were 1884?ng/L and 468?ng/L, respectively. The activated sludge system had a greater removal efficiency (56.10) in removing ∑parabens than the septic tank (45.05) and stabilization pond (35.54). The discharge rates of methyl paraben (MeP) was computed to be 2.23, 21.18, and 9.12?g/d/1000 people for stabilization ponds, septic tank, and activated sludge, respectively. Median concentrations of Σparabens in seawater (103.42?ng/L) and sediments (322.05?ng/g dw) from RES stations were significantly larger than from CS stations (61.2 and 262.0?ng/g dw in seawater and sediments, respectively) (P?