Differentiated Ionic Electroresponse of Asymmetric Bio-Hydrogels with Unremitting Power Output

摘要

Cytomembranes with efficient ionic selectivity and energy circulation,essential for biological activities in multicellular organisms, are a source ofinspiration for man-made biomedical devices. However, current man-madesoft systems mainly imitate simple and passive cytomembranes behaviors,restrained by the grand challenge that lies at the meeting point ofsynchronous engineering of both (dynamic) ionic selectivity and (passive)transcellular-like potential in one structure. Here a dynamically differentiatedionic electroresponse and passive incessant power output of an asymmetricbio-hydrogel constructed using a simple self-propagative flow approach arereported. The unprecedented freely formed p and n analogue hydrogels yielda transcellular-like potential (110–200 mV) in response to diverse stimuli—where the cathode or anode is capable of perceivable electroresponse towater and/or salt media, respectively. A single hydrogel can generate anoutput power density of 135–190 mW m~（?2） superior to most bio-inspiredsoft and/or green power sources. The scalable manufacturing and proof-ofconceptdemonstration elucidate the feasibility of mobilizing passive anddynamic behaviors in one structure. This work has the potential for realizinghigh-performance soft power sources in parallel to electrostimulation forneural excitation/inhibition, extending into the previously inaccessible regionof biomedical applications.