High caesarean birth rates present an issue of international public health concern. We explore the prevalence and sociodemographic maternal factors associated with cesarean-section births among 272 mothers with children under 5 years old in an urban community of central India. In this population-based, cross-sectional study, we learned that the prevalence of cesarean section was unacceptably high and significantly higher in those deliveries that were either preterm/ post-term, amongst mothers who had delivered at a private hospital, and among mothers with higher socioeconomic status. A third of the mothers reported lumbar back pain and almost 90 felt that the expenditure for cesarean sections is not reasonable.
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