Abstract This study concentrates on a nonlinear deterministic mathematical model for the impact of pathogens on human disease transmission with optimal control strategies. Both pathogen-free and coexistence equilibria are computed. The basic reproduction number R0, which plays a vital role in mathematical epidemiology, was derived. The qualitative analysis of the model revealed the scenario for both pathogen-free and coexistence equilibria together with R0. The local stability of the equilibria is established via the Jacobian matrix and Routh-Hurwitz criteria, while the global stability of the equilibria is proven by using an appropriate Lyapunov function. Also, the normalized sensitivity analysis has been performed to observe the impact of different parameters on R0. The proposed model is extended into optimal control problem by incorporating three control variables, namely, preventive measure variable based on separation of susceptible from contacting the pathogens, integrated vector management based on chemical, biological control, ... etc. to kill pathogens and their carriers, and supporting infective medication variable based on the care of the infected individual in quarantine center. Optimal disease control analysis is examined using Pontryagin minimum principle. Numerical simulations are performed depending on analytical results and discussed quantitatively.
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