Upon severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, individual patients may experience a series of different clinical settings, ranging from an asymptomatic condition to a life-threatening disease possibly amenable to combined and differential drug treatments. In most severe coronavirus disease 2019 (CO-VID-19) cases, uncontrolled immune response that triggers the massive proliferation of immune cells and the overproduction of cytokines appears to mediate circulatory failure and multi-organ dysfunction. Among the affected organs, the kidney is an emerging target in COV-ID-19 complications, and abnormal kidney function is a significant risk factor of death in severely ill patients.According to a prospective cohort study 1, 44 of CO VID-19 patients had proteinuria and 27 had hematuria at hospital admission, while 5 of patients experienced acute kidney injury during in-hospital. Patients with kidney disease had a significantly higher risk for death.
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