Abstract To explore the bionic application potentials of the wing scales of Papilio paris, the optical response characteristics and microstructure were characterized, and a visual bionic model was constructed. The mapping relationship and influence law between the micro–nano structure and the optical response characteristics were established by using the transfer matrix simulation method. It was shown that the colorful spot area of the hind wing was composed of black–brown basal scales and structure-colored scales arranged in a tile-like shape. A regularly arranged multi-level hierarchical fine structure with flashing metallic color was formed by coupling the pane-like folded surfaces and the layered cross sections of structure-colored scales. The cross section of the wing scales was similar to a 1D responsive photonic crystal, with sensitive color change response to the external environmental stimuli such as organic solutions and lighting conditions, and can regulate dynamically within the spectrum ranges of visible lights such as orange, yellow, green and blue. These unique optical characteristics of the wing scales of Papilio paris could provide new ideas for the development of functional materials and components in environmental detection, photosensitive materials, intelligent camouflage and other fields.
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