Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the most used drugs whether they be prescribed or over-the-counter. Ever since their advent, PPI use has only trended upward. Omeprazole alone was dispensed more than 70 million times in 2016. One in ten of all patients with ambulatory care visits in the United States in 2009 had documented PPI use and the number of visits with documented PPI use increased from 30 million visits in 2002 to 84 million visits in 2009. PPIs are used in gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer disease, Barrett’s esophagitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, Helicobacter pylori infections and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome among others. They work by inhibiting the parietal cell H7K+ ATP pump therefore suppressing gastric acid secretion. Although relatively safe, PPIs have been associated with several adverse effects including hypochlorhydria, hypomagnesemia, osteoporosis, fracture, acute interstitial nephritis, dementia and Clost-ridioides difficile associated diarrhea among others.
展开▼
