Abstract The Paraná Basin has a rich diversity of aquifer systems and sedimentary aquitards, such as the Rio Bonito and the Guarani aquifer system and volcanic aquifers, known as the Serra Geral Aquifer System (SGAS). Establishing connection criteria between these aquifers through faults is one of the most relevant topics in hydrogeology. As an alternative to attempt to better understand the communication between these aquifers, it is proposed to use geostatistical methods, such as stochastic simulation, which help to understand the dynamics of the distribution of chemical elements in SGAS groundwater in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in part affected by salinized groundwaters that are transmitted through regional faults that crosscut Permian and Mesozoic sedimentary layers until reaching the SGAS. There is interest in the extreme SGAS salinity values, thus the geostatistical stochastic simulation method was chosen to achieve it, considering the variable sodium. The variography included calcium, electrical conductivity and alkalinity, in addition to sodium. The study area which covers the entire SGAS in Rio Grande do Sul was divided into five zones, according to a structural and hydrochemical criteria. Each zone has its own variography and the four elements in each of these zones performed differently. Zone 3 and 5 have a very high nugget effect, while zones 1, 2 and 4 have a more homogeneous behavior of the four variables. All zones have anisotropy caused by heterogeneous directions of groundwater movements from sedimentary aquifers to SGAS.
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