Planar heterojunction formamidinium lead-based perovskite solar cells with MXenes/Au electrode

摘要

Abstract Formamidinium (NH2CHNH2+) lead-based perovskite materials are becoming one of the suitable materials for planar heterojunction solar cell due to its wide bandgap tunability feature. In this work, simulation of formamidinium lead-based perovskite solar cell device is performed using SCAPS-1D software where bandgap of the absorber layer has been varied along with the other parameters like electron affinity, conduction valence band effective density of states and thickness. With those variations, photovoltaic performance parameters e.g., open circuit voltage (VOCdocumentclass12pt{minimal} usepackage{amsmath} usepackage{wasysym} usepackage{amsfonts} usepackage{amssymb} usepackage{amsbsy} usepackage{mathrsfs} usepackage{upgreek} setlength{oddsidemargin}{-69pt} begin{document}$$V_{OC}$$end{document}), current density (JSCdocumentclass12pt{minimal} usepackage{amsmath} usepackage{wasysym} usepackage{amsfonts} usepackage{amssymb} usepackage{amsbsy} usepackage{mathrsfs} usepackage{upgreek} setlength{oddsidemargin}{-69pt} begin{document}$$J_{SC}$$end{document}), efficiency (ηdocumentclass12pt{minimal} usepackage{amsmath} usepackage{wasysym} usepackage{amsfonts} usepackage{amssymb} usepackage{amsbsy} usepackage{mathrsfs} usepackage{upgreek} setlength{oddsidemargin}{-69pt} begin{document}$$eta$$end{document}), fill factor (FFdocumentclass12pt{minimal} usepackage{amsmath} usepackage{wasysym} usepackage{amsfonts} usepackage{amssymb} usepackage{amsbsy} usepackage{mathrsfs} usepackage{upgreek} setlength{oddsidemargin}{-69pt} begin{document}$$FF$$end{document}), and Quantum efficiency (QEdocumentclass12pt{minimal} usepackage{amsmath} usepackage{wasysym} usepackage{amsfonts} usepackage{amssymb} usepackage{amsbsy} usepackage{mathrsfs} usepackage{upgreek} setlength{oddsidemargin}{-69pt} begin{document}$$QE$$end{document}) have been investigated. The effect of thickness variation of absorber layer, SnO2 and ZnO as a different ETL material and effect of gold (Au)/2-D MXenes Ti3C2Txdocumentclass12pt{minimal} usepackage{amsmath} usepackage{wasysym} usepackage{amsfonts} usepackage{amssymb} usepackage{amsbsy} usepackage{mathrsfs} usepackage{upgreek} setlength{oddsidemargin}{-69pt} begin{document}$$left( {{text{Ti}}_{3} {text{C}}_{2} {text{T}}_{x} } right)$$end{document} as a rear electrode have been explored and depicted its effects on overall photovoltaic performance parameters. Further, the effects of series/shunt resistance (RSeriesandRShuntdocumentclass12pt{minimal} usepackage{amsmath} usepackage{wasysym} usepackage{amsfonts} usepackage{amssymb} usepackage{amsbsy} usepackage{mathrsfs} usepackage{upgreek} setlength{oddsidemargin}{-69pt} begin{document}$$R_{Series} {text{and}} R_{Shunt}$$end{document}) have also been simulated using SCAPS-1D software.