Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Interleukin-5 Therapies in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

摘要

Introduction: The efficacy and safety of benralizumab in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remain unresolved, and relevant meta-analyses are lacking. Additionally, mepolizumab has been evaluated in far fewer patients, and the evidence is unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis to identify evidence gaps that will guide future investigation of therapies targeting interleukin (IL)-5 signaling (anti-IL-5Rα or anti-IL-5) for CRSwNP. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis that were registered with PROSPERO (No. CRD42021276867). A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library on September 2, 2021. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing anti-IL-5 treatments (anti-IL-5Rα or anti-IL-5) in adult patients for CRSwNP were included. Results: Seven RCTs with 799 patients evaluating the efficacy and safety of treatments targeting IL-5 pathway (benralizumab anti-IL-5Rα, mepolizumab, and reslizumab anti-IL-5) were included. The overall pooled meta-analysis showed that anti-IL-5 treatments were associated with a significantly better nasal polyp score (weighted mean difference WMD: ?0.71; 95 confidence interval CI: ?0.87, ?0.55; p < 0.00001). Anti-IL-5 treatments were associated with a significantly better nasal congestion score (WMD: ?1.73; 95 CI: ?2.29, ?1.16; p < 0.00001). Anti-IL-5 treatments were associated with a significantly better Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) score (WMD: ?11.30; 95 CI: ?14.77, ?7.83; p < 0.00001). The overall pooled meta-analysis showed that anti-IL-5 treatments were associated with a significantly better University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) score (WMD: 2.09; 95 CI: 0.42, 3.77; p = 0.01). Anti-IL-5 treatments significantly reduced the loss of smell score in the overall pooled meta-analysis (WMD: ?1.38; 95 CI: ?1.97, ?0.79; p < 0.00001). In the overall pooled meta-analysis, anti-IL-5 treatments showed no difference with the placebo in the risk of adverse events (AEs; risk ratio RR: 1.01; 95 CI: ?0.93, 1.09; p = 0.83) and serious AEs (SAEs; RR: 0.73; 95 CI: 0.40, 1.34; p = 0.32). Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis identified that anti-IL-5 treatments significantly improved the size of nasal polyps, health-related quality of life, and sense of smell in moderate to severe CRSwNP, and they were safe and well tolerated.