Nitrogen isotope enrichment predicts growth response of Pinus radiata in New Zealand to nitrogen fertiliser addition

摘要

The fertiliser growth response of planted forests can vary due to differences in site-specific factors like climate and soil fertility. We identified when forest stands responded to a standard, single application of nitrogen (N) fertiliser and employed a machine learning random forest model to test the use of natural abundance stable isotopic N (delta N-15) to predict site response. Pinus radiata growth response was calculated as the change in periodic annual increment of basal area (PAI BA) from replicated control and treatment (similar to 200 kg N ha(-1)) plots within trials across New Zealand. Variables in the analysis were climate, silviculture, soil, and foliage chemical properties, including natural abundance delta N-15 values as integrators of historical patterns in N cycling. Our Random Forest model explained 78 of the variation in growth with tree age and the delta N-15 enrichment factor (delta N-15(foliage) - delta N-15(soil)) showing more than 50 relative importance to the model. Tree growth rates generally decreased with more negative delta N-15 enrichment factors. Growth response to N fertiliser was highly variable. If a response was going to occur, it was most likely within 1-3 years after fertiliser addition. The Random Forest model predicts that younger stands (< 15 years old) with the freedom to grow and sites with more negative delta N-15 isotopic enrichment factors will exhibit the biggest growth response to N fertiliser. Supporting the challenge of forest nutrient management, these findings provide a novel decision-support tool to guide the intensification of nutrient additions.