PARPs and ADP-ribosylation Deciphering the complexity with molecular tools

摘要

PARPs catalyze ADP-ribosylation-a post-translational modification that plays crucial roles in biological pro-cesses, including DNA repair, transcription, immune regulation, and condensate formation. ADP-ribosylation can be added to a wide range of amino acids with varying lengths and chemical structures, making it a com-plex and diverse modification. Despite this complexity, significant progress has been made in developing chemical biology methods to analyze ADP-ribosylated molecules and their binding proteins on a prote-ome-wide scale. Additionally, high-throughput assays have been developed to measure the activity of en-zymes that add or remove ADP-ribosylation, leading to the development of inhibitors and new avenues for therapy. Real-time monitoring of ADP-ribosylation dynamics can be achieved using genetically encoded re-porters, and next-generation detection reagents have improved the precision of immunoassays for specific forms of ADP-ribosylation. Further development and refinement of these tools will continue to advance our understanding of the functions and mechanisms of ADP-ribosylation in health and disease.