Quirks of dye nomenclature. 16. Dyes, and a pigment, named after places

摘要

Many dyes produced during the 19th century were named after locations. Manufacturers proliferated the number of synonyms used and in time, the original names were forgotten. Therefore, in the headings below, the original names are followed by the current name(s) in parentheses. The stories of some of these dyes that survived into the 21st century are recounted here. Numerical identity data are provided. Chemical structures also are provided and for simplicity, ionic structures, which can be multiple and pH variable, are presented as their parents.