Magnetic starch as green supports for cobalt nanoparticles: efficient, eco-friendly, and economical catalyst for Mizoroki-Heck and Suzuki-Miyaura reactions

摘要

In recent decades, the design of catalysts with features such as being readily recoverable from the reaction mixture, cost-effectiveness, efficiency, eco-friendly, and non-toxic is critical. Therefore, in this study, magnetic starch from apple seeds is suggested as a perfect substrate material with unique properties satisfying our need to minimize undesirable impacts on the environment. The magnetic starch acts as green support for cobalt nanoparticles to prepare Fe3O4@starch-Co(II) as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst in Mizoroki-Heck and Suzuki-Miyaura reactions. The fabricated catalyst was identified with several analysis techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, EDS, BET, TGA, FE-SEM, TEM, AAS, and elemental mapping. The catalyst performance reveals that it can be used as a promising replacement for palladium-based catalysts in the Mizoroki-Heck and Suzuki-Miyaura reactions. Because of the toxic nature of Pd-based materials, this catalyst can reduce the danger of using these catalysts. Also, due to the magnetic properties of the fabricated catalyst, the catalyst quickly separated from the reaction medium, and it is reusable for five runs without significant change in catalytic activity. GRAPHICS .