Systems that care for patients with cancer are, by necessity, complex because of the significant heterogeneity in determinants of cancer risk, progression, treatment response, and clinical, psychosocial, and economic outcomes. Furthermore, treatment (and prevention) occurs within care delivery environments and health care systems that are frequently disordered and disjointed, challenging to access, and inequitable and inefficient in organization. As a result, to achieve the triple aim of high-quality, equitable, and efficient care resulting in better cancer outcomes, we must demand radical health care delivery transformation mindful of incredibly complex systems of cancer care. Transforming how we think about cancer care delivery requires engagement of multidisciplinary clinical, population health and health systems partners, community and patient advocates, health informatics experts, health policymakers, and bureaucrats to develop and test novel solutions in rapid cycles of quality improvement and to rigorously conduct implementation research.
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