Nanomaterials Responsive to Endogenous Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease Theranostics

摘要

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death worldwide,which propels the development of advanced technologies for CVD diagnosisand treatment. Biomarker-responsive nanomaterials are appealing therapeuticplatforms that provide new horizons for CVD theranostics. In thisreview, recent advances in nanomaterials with endogenous biomarkers asstimuli or targets for CVD theranostics is presented. First, the categories ofbiomarkers involved are comprehensively itemized based on pathologicalmechanisms including pH, reactive oxygen species, lipids, enzymes, macrophagereceptors, subendothelium components, platelet receptors, inflammation,and osteopontin. The role of these biomarkers in bridge-buildingbetween nanomaterials and CVD is then presented. Next, the biomedicalapplications of nanomaterials responsive to endogenous biomarkers asstimuli or targets for the diagnosis and treatment of CVD are elaborated.Finally, the challenges and future research directions of biomarker-responsivenanomaterials in CVD are also discussed. This review will provide scientificguidance to facilitate clinical applications of biomarker-responsivenanomaterials.