Peroneal tendon disorders are a common cause of lateral hindfoot pain and dysfunction that are often overlooked and misdiagnosed. Disorders can be divided into instability, inflammation and tears but often occur concurrently or as a result of each other. A detailed history and examination is required with an early level of suspicion as there are several differential diagnoses with similar presentations. Investigations such as ultrasound and MRI are useful to confirm diagnosis. Understanding of the pathophysiology and evidence-based management of peroneal disorders is mostly backed by opinion-based medical literature. The majority of acute disorders can be managed non-operatively with rest and physiotherapy but in many cases arthroscopic or open surgery is needed. If not managed appropriately the problem can become chronic and very challenging to treat. Early recognition of the characteristic clinical findings and the appropriate use of investigations and treatments is therefore essential to prevent this. This review article focuses on current understanding of common peroneal tendon pathologies, their diagnosis and treatment. ? 2022
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