Abstract Different plasma materials have a great influence on the sensing performance of the surface plasmon resonance temperature sensor based on photonic crystal fiber (PCF-SPR). According to existing research, titanium dioxide is an excellent auxiliary plasma material. In this paper, a high-sensitivity D-shape PCF-SPR temperature sensor has been proposed based on finite element method simulations. The PCF-SPR temperature sensor based on Au–TiO2 and Ag–TiO2 plasma materials was numerically analyzed. The sensor was optimized by adjusting the thickness of the metal layer and pore radius. On the surface of the results, the proposed PCF-SPR temperature sensor has a higher sensitivity when coated out of Au–TiO2, and a better linear relationship when coated out of Ag–TiO2. The temperature sensor works mainly in the infrared band, and the maximum sensitivity is 4.5 nm/°C, 4.0 nm/°C in the detection temperature range of − 15–35 °C. The sensor has the advantages of miniaturization, high integration, and high sensitivity, and can be used in biomedicine chemical detection and agriculture, and other fields. At the same time, the feasibility of the square air hole is verified at the simulation level, which is of great significance to the development of photonic crystal fiber.
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