The main aim of this paper is to develop the concept of viability as a general theoretical framework for the assessment of systems of innovation, defined broadly at three main levels of aggregation - the national, the sub-national and the supra-national. This paper draws out the key elements of a comprehensive theoretical framework, based on a broad version of systems of innovation, for the assessment of the state and performance of systems of innovation. This framework, which goes considerably beyond sectors directly related to science and technology, draws out the core elements of systems of innovation and is then used to develop a taxonomy of systems in terms of viability categories and thresholds.
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Faculty of Economics and Finance, Institute for Economic Research on Innovation, and DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Scientometrics and STI Policy, Tshwane University of Technology;
