Change Is Continuous: A Refinery Restart Electrical and Instrumentation Design Case

摘要

Changes with technology, hardware, cable schedules, industry standards, and processes are happening at an unprecedented pace. This article will provide an overview and discussion of the most common factors within the electrical and instrumentation scope that can cause project delays, cost overruns, ongoing maintenance risks, and other challenges. Furthermore, this article will discuss design practices for electrical buildings, along with equipment and cable management that will improve efficiencies associated with design, construction, and long-term maintenance. The article will conclude with a case study from an owner perspective that demonstrates the risks of continuous change and how these risks were mitigated with standardized electrical designs.