Nitrogen Agronomic Efficiency and Estimated Losses in Potato with Enhanced-Efficiency Fertilizers

摘要

The objectives were to i) assess the effect of enhanced-efficiency nitrogen (N) fertilizers (EENF) maleic itaconic acid copolymer (NSN) or 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and urea on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber yield, N agronomic efficiency (NAE), N recovery efficiency in tuber (NREtuber) and plant (NREplant), N physiological efficiency, residual inorganic N in soil at harvest (N-residual) and N losses (N-losses) and ii) determine the impact of the amount of drainage water on NAE and N-losses. On-farm experiments were conducted in seven sites with two fertilizers (EENF and urea) and two N rates (0 and 100 kg N ha(-1)). A N mass balance was used to calculate N-losses. At two sites (one with NSN and one with DMPP), tuber yield response to N was greater with EENF than urea (avg. 5.0 Mg ha(-1)). NAE, NREtuber and NREplant were 17, 31 and 25 higher with EENF than urea, respectively. These efficiencies decreased as drainage water increased. The estimated N-losses were 12 lower with EENF, being the reduction particularly relevant with increasing drainage water. Therefore, using EENF in combination with irrigation management that ensures low drainage water amounts is essential for maximizing the fertilizer use efficiency and minimizing N-losses in potato production systems.