Alzheimer's disease (AD), a common irreversible neurodegenerative disease characterized by amyloid-beta plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and changes in tau phosphorylation, is accompanied by memory loss and symptoms of cognitive dysfunction. Increases in disease incidence due to the ageing of the population have placed a great burden on society. To date, the mechanism of AD and the identities of adequate drugs for AD prevention and treatment have eluded the medical community. It has been confirmed that phytochemicals have certain neuroprotective effects against AD. For example, some progress has been made in research on the use of resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic phytochemical, for the prevention and treatment of AD in recent years. Elucidation of the pathogenesis of AD will create a solid foundation for drug treatment. In addition, research on resveratrol, including its mechanism of action, the roles of signalling pathways and its therapeutic targets, will provide new ideas for AD treatment, which is of great significance. In this review, we discuss the possible relationships between AD and the following factors: synapses, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs), silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), and estrogens. We also discuss the findings of previous studies regarding these relationships in the context of AD treatment and further summarize research progress related to resveratrol treatment.
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