Irrigated agriculture is vital for global food security which is impacted by a multitude of factors. Figure 1 sketches a framework illustrating the factors that affect food security, including the interactions and feedbacks between land, water, and energy systems, which constitute the water-food-energy-land nexus. Changes in these four systems are driven by population increase, economic development, social changes associated with the rising standard of living (dietary changes and food wastage), and climate change. Both climate and non-climate stresses are impacting food security. This paper provides a qualitative description of factors that affect food security and highlights the role of irrigated agriculture in ensuring future food security.
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