Application of hollow fiber-protected liquid-phase microextraction combined with GC-MS in determining Endrin,Chlordane,and Dieldrin in rice samples

摘要

This paper introduces a novel and mini-mized sample preparation technique based on hol-low fiber-protected liquid-phase microextraction that can be used in joint with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)detection to extract three organochlorine pesticides-Endrin,Chlordane,and Dieldrin-from rice samples.To that end,a single-walled carbon nanotube(SWCNT)and a proper ionic liquid(IL)were ultrasonically dispersed and injected into the lumen of hollow fiber as the extraction phase for preconcentrating and extracting the target ana-lytes from the rice samples.The effects of the type of nanoparticles,ILs,and desorption solvent on theefficiency of extracting the analytes were investigated based on the one-factor-at-a-time(OFAT)approach.In addition,other parameters influencing the extrac-tion procedure were optimized using an experimen-tal design that decreased the number of experiments,reagent consumption,and costs.Under optimized conditions,the limits of detection and quantification in determining mentioned pesticides varied between 0.019-0.029 and 0.064-0.098 ng mL-1,respectively.The calibration graphs to measure Endrin,Chlor-dane,and Dieldrin were linear over the concentration range of 0.064-13.2,0.098-16.7,and 0.092-11.4 ng mL-1,respectively.The relative standard deviations for inter-day and intra-day analysis were below 7.06 and 4.75％for the triplicate determination of three organochlorine pesticides.Besides,the relative recov-eries and standard deviations of Endrin,Chlordane,and Dieldrin for analyzing several Iranian rice sam-ples were between 86.0-92.9％and 4.5-5.8％,respec-tively.The results were compared with other similar works in literature,proving that the proposed method is efficient and useful for routine monitoring of organ-ochlorine compounds in food samples.