TRADITIONALLY, FIRE DEPARTMENTS in the United States follow a hierarchical model of command and control that uses authority structures with policies and protocols to guide employees in decision making during emergencies. More specifically, firefighters and officers in this organizational leadership style are expected to follow strict rules, protocols, and the commands of their superiors. However, as times change and research and experience more commonly collaborate, alternative leadership methods are explored and developed, such as mission-driven culture (MDC), in which the leadership style decentralizes decision making. The leader's intent guides decision making, combined with subordinates who are authorized and expected to act according to their best judgments.
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