Contribution of renewable energy towards environmental quality: the role of education to achieve sustainable development goals in G11 countries

摘要

This work attempts to investigate the impacts of renewable energy on CO_2 emissions by including other factors such as education, GDP, natural resources, and foreign direct investment for G11 economies over the time period of 1990-2019. The empirical results show that renewable energy and education reduce CO_2 emissions by 0.49% and 0.11%, respectively. Foreign direct investment and natural resources degrade the environment 0.15% and 0.09%, respectively. Heterogeneous causality results show feedback association between renewable energy, education, GDP, and CO_2 emissions. This work provides policy implication for G11 countries to invest on renewable and education sector. Therefore, these countries can achieve sustainable goals in a systematic way.