Difelikefalin: A New kappa-Opioid Receptor Agonist for the Treatment of Hemodialysis-Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Pruritus

摘要

Objective: To review data for difelikefalin (Korsuva) intravenous solution for management of moderate-to-severe pruritus in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Data Sources: Literature search of PubMed (January 1946-May 2022) and SCOPUS (January 1946-May 2022) was performed using the terms: Korsuva, CR845, and difelikefalin. Additional information sources include ClinicalTrials.gov, prescribing information, meeting posters, and references of identified articles. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Clinical trials and articles evaluating difelikefalin for chronic kidney disease-associated pruritis (CKD-aP) in HD patients. Data Synthesis: Difelikefalin is a peripherally acting kappa-opioid receptor agonist with antipruritic effects for HD patients with moderate-to-severe CKD-aP. A phase 3 study showed significant improvement of patient itch intensity and itch-related quality of life (QOL) when compared with placebo. More patients had decreased pruritus on the 24-hour Worst Itch Intensity Numerical Rating Scale with difelikefalin (49.1%) compared with placebo (27.9%, P < 0.001). A positive effect was seen with or without use of additional antipruritic agents. Common adverse events include diarrhea, dizziness, and vomiting; there were no signs of physical dependence or centrally acting opioid effects (euphoria, hallucinations). Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Difelikefalin reduced itch intensity and improved QOL for patients with CKD-aP. Whether the benefit is continued long-term as well as how it compares with other effective agents is currently unknown. Conclusion: Difelikefalin is the only Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment for moderate-to-severe CKD-aP with additional research into its benefit in this and other types of pruritus ongoing.