New insights into fungicide resistance: a growing challenge in crop protection

摘要

Development of fungicide resistance in plant pathogens is a challenging problem that has affected the performance of several site-specific fungicide groups including benzimidazoles, phenylamides, demethylation inhibitors, quinone outside inhibitors and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors. Over the past years, research efforts have led to a better understanding of the emergence, spread, behaviour, diagnostics and mechanisms of resistance to different groups of fungicides in diverse types of pathogens. Molecular tools have proved handy in rapid detection of resistance that has greatly helped in monitoring the evolution of resistance in pathogen populations. The recently introduced unified system of labeling resistance-associated mutations has made it easier to determine novel changes in amino acids of the target protein. Knowledge of fitness cost of resistance and risk assessment is crucial in developing resistance management guidelines. Discovery of novel modes of action is an important aspect of resistance management. Use of different modes of action including conventional multi-site inhibitors in mixtures with at-risk fungicides still appears relevant to avoid resistance build up. There is a growing focus on the use of biologicals including biocontrol agents as a part of resistance management programmes.