An aqueduct is a water conveyance structure that enables channel flow across canals, valleys, depressions, roads, and other structures. The optimal structural selection of the aqueduct is particularly important to ensure engineering quality and optimize project investment. To optimize the design of an aqueduct structure, this study established a mathematical model based on the three-dimensional finite element method that considers the temperature field and structural stress field coupling among its design parameters. The model was used to optimize and design the main wall thickness and tie spacings of the aqueduct structure. The Caohe aqueduct was considered as an example for the proposed design. The influences of temperature-induced stress on the reinforced concrete structure of the aqueduct in winter and summer were investigated based on the actual engineering conditions of the structure, and the corresponding structural optimization was obtained. The results showed that the optimized aqueduct can offset temperature and structural stresses, thus reducing the amount of material required. The maximum generated stress was also lower than that of the original design. Furthermore, this study is expected to provide guidance for similar engineering construction projects.
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