Toxicological Effects of Fine Particulate Matter(PM_(2.5)):Health Risks and Associated Systemic Injuries-Systematic Review

摘要

Previous studies focused on investi-gating particulate matter with aerodynamic diam-eter≤2.5 μm(PM_(2.5))have shown the risk of dis-ease development,and association with increased morbidity and mortality rates.The current review investigate epidemiological and experimental find-ings from 2016 to 2021,which enabled the systemic overview of PM_(2.5)'s toxic impacts on human health.The Web of Science database search used descrip-tive terms to investigate the interaction among PM_(2.5)exposure,systemic effects,and COVID-19 disease.Analyzed studies have indicated that cardiovascular and respiratory systems have been extensively inves-tigated and indicated as the main air pollution targets.Nevertheless,PM_(2.5) reaches other organic systems and harms the renal,neurological,gastrointestinal,and reproductive systems.Pathologies onset and/or get worse due to toxicological effects associated with the exposure to this particle type,since it can trigger several reactions,such as inflammatory responses,oxidative stress generation and genotoxicity.These cellular dysfunctions lead to organ malfunctions,as shown in the current review.In addition,the correla-tion between COVID-19/Sars-CoV-2 and PM_(2.5) expo-sure was also assessed to help better understand the role of atmospheric pollution in the pathophysiology of this disease.Despite the significant number of stud-ies about PM_(2.5)'s effects on organic functions,avail-able in the literature,there are still gaps in knowledge about how this particulate matter can hinder human health.The current review aimed to approach the main findings about the effect of PM_(2.5) exposure on different systems,and demonstrate the likely interac-tion of COVID-19/Sars-CoV-2 and PM_(2.5).