Characteristics and mechanism of dump landslides under compound loads based on physical model test

摘要

To understand the morphological evolution, deformation characteristics, and mechanism of high slope dump landslidesunder compound loads, a physical model test of the Nanfen waste dump was carried out. Based on the similarity principleand direct shear tests, similar materials were used to simulate the geological material of the dump and a similar shape of theunderlying layer of the dump was constructed. Distributed optical fibers and thermometers were placed within the model tomonitor the strain and temperature of the waste dump. An ice-snow layer was laid inside the model to study the influence ofthe thawing on the deformation of the dump. During the test, a combined load of 0–75 kg graded external loads, self-weight,and thawing of the ice-snow layer was applied. The overall failure evolution process of the model dump was obtained, whichincluded settlement, local collapse, clastic flows, and landslides. The strain characteristics and temperature field distributionof the model dump were measured using optical fiber monitoring. Failure of the model dump was mainly due to the thawingof the ice-snow layer, uneven settlement, dumping style, particle gradation, self-weight, and external loads. The failurecharacteristics and mechanism of landslides in the physical model test were consistent with those of an on-site dump.