Selection of the starting material with winter soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for selection for virus resistance

摘要

© 2022, Gaurav Society of Agricultural Research Information Centre. All rights reserved.In the Volgograd region, in the dry-steppe, and especially in semi-desert zones, favorable hydrothermal conditions for obtaining maximum yields are not so often-about 20% of the years, but in these years, as a rule, various diseases, including viral ones, cause significant damage to the crop. Field and laboratory research was carried out on the basis of the laboratory of breeding, seed production and nursery breeding of the Federal Research Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, located in the Kamyshinsky district, in the right-bank zone of the Volgograd region, in 2019/20. Samples of the world collection of VIR were studied, by origin they were presented from: Russia – 132 pcs., Kazakhstan – 10 pcs., USA-8 pcs., Ukraine – 8 pcs., Poland-3 pcs. and one-Belarus and Japan. Collection samples were sown in a wide row, with a row spacing of 0.45 cm, with a cassette seeder SKS – 6 – 10, the area of the plot for each sample was 1 m², the number of plants on five rows of the experimental plot was 300 pcs. Collection samples were studied and evaluated in accordance with methodological guidelines, assessment of resistance to various diseases on a 5-point scale, cleaning by pulling out plants. The resistance to the harmfulness of plants was evaluated in the field during the phase of milky-waxy ripeness. To determine the harmfulness of viruses, each sample was divided into healthy and affected plants, the ratio of healthy plants to damaged plants was calculated, followed by an analysis of their elements of the crop structure. A biometric analysis of plants was carried out, which included a sample of 30 plants and the determination of: plant height (cm), ear length (cm), the number of spikelets-total and including developed (pcs), the number of grains and the weight of grain from the ear (pcs). Of the varieties of local breeding, Kamyshanka 3 and Kamyshanka 5 showed relative stability. With a viral lesion, in tolerant varieties, the greatest decrease in plant productivity structure elements was observed by the grain weight of the main ear – 27.9% (due to a decrease in the number of grains-27.5%) and the grain weight of side shoots – 49.6%, in susceptible varieties, complete plant death was observed.