Graphene Membranes for Multi-Dimensional Electron Microscopy Imaging: Preparation, Application, and Prospect

摘要

Technological breakthrough in electron microscopy (EM) has started aresolution revolution in EM imaging. Nowadays, the promotion of resolutiondemands a robust background-noise-free EM support for specimenpreparation, which is a primary bottleneck of high-resolution EM imaging.Owing to the atomic thickness and excellent physical properties, graphenehas attracted widespread attention in the EM field to achieve high-resolutionmulti-dimensional imaging. However, it is still challenging to preparehigh-quality suspended graphene membranes. Problems like breakage,contamination and wrinkling reduce the quality of suspended graphenemembranes, which inhibit their wide and killer applications in EM imaging.In this review, suspended graphene membranes are looked deeply into formulti-dimensional EM imaging. This study begins with a brief introductionto EM development, followed by a discussion of the synthesis of high-qualitygraphene. Then it summarizes various approaches to produce suspendedgraphene membranes and their killer applications in multi-dimensional EMcharacterization, including high-resolution 2D imaging, cryo-EM 3D reconstruction,and 4D in situ liquid EM. Based on current achievements, theprospects of graphene membranes for more cutting-edge applications arefinally proposed.