Aim This study examines how the association between older adults’ family relationships and all‐cause mortality differs among different household contexts: living alone, living with only a spouse and living with adult children. Methods We carried out a discrete‐time event history analysis on all‐cause mortality with measures of family relationships for each group of older adults. The study analyzed person‐wave data from the Nihon University Japanese Longitudinal Study of Aging, including 11?225 longitudinal episodes between consecutive waves and 555 deaths reported in total. Results The family relationship measures were significantly associated with mortality only for older adults who resided with children. While providing support to children was negatively related to mortality, receiving support from children was positively associated with mortality. Feelings of loneliness were associated with higher mortality for older adults in intergenerational coresidence arrangements, but not for those in other living arrangements. Conclusion The extent of support exchange between older adults and adult children tends to be associated with older adults’ mortality only within the household context where parents and children live together. In other types of living arrangements (i.e. living alone and living with only a spouse), the association between family relationship measures and mortality is limited. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; ??: ??–?? . Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 156–160 .
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机译：目的 本研究探讨了老年人家庭关系与全因死亡率之间的关联在不同家庭环境中有何不同：独居、仅与配偶同住和与成年子女同住。方法 我们对每组老年人的全因死亡率进行离散时间事件史分析，并测量家庭关系。该研究分析了日本大学日本衰老纵向研究的人波数据，包括连续波之间的11？225次纵向发作和总共555例死亡。结果 家庭关系指标仅与有子女同住的老年人死亡率显著相关。虽然向儿童提供支持与死亡率呈负相关，但接受儿童支持与死亡率呈正相关。在代际同居安排中，孤独感与老年人的较高死亡率有关，但与其他生活安排中的老年人无关。结论 老年人与成年子女之间的支持交换程度往往仅在父母和子女共同生活的家庭环境中与老年人的死亡率相关。在其他类型的生活安排中（即独居和仅与配偶同住），家庭关系指标与死亡率之间的关联是有限的。Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; ？？： ？？–??.Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020;20: 156–160 .
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