Z-pinned composite laminates have been increasingly applied to aircraft and other lightweight products. This paper reviews published multi-scale research into polymer composite laminates reinforced by z-pins. Basic knowledge of multi-scale strategy and z-pin reinforcements has been reviewed at first. Then the methodology and relevant research progress of micro-and macro-scale models are separately presented. Z-pin bridging micro mechanisms and microstructure can be characterized by micro-scale modelling. The effects of z-pinning on the mechanical performances of composite laminates can be analyzed by the macro-scale models. The traction separation laws can be derived from micro-scale models and further incorporated into macro-scale models, bridging two models together. Most finite element models show satisfactory agreement with experimental phenomena and analytical conclusions. Gaps in the multi-scale simulation of z-pinned composite laminates and future research opportunities are identified.
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机译：Z轴钉复合材料层压板已越来越多地应用于飞机和其他轻质产品。本文综述了已发表的Z型引脚增强聚合物复合材料层合板的多尺度研究。首先回顾了多尺度策略和 z 针加固的基本知识。然后分别介绍了微观和宏观模型的方法和相关研究进展。Z 引脚桥接微观机制和微观结构可以通过微尺度建模来表征。Z轴钉对复合材料层合板力学性能的影响可以通过宏观模型进行分析。牵引分离定律可以从微观尺度模型中推导出来，并进一步纳入宏观尺度模型，将两个模型桥接在一起。大多数有限元模型与实验现象和分析结论的一致性令人满意。确定了z销复合层合板多尺度模拟的差距和未来的研究机会。
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