Prevention of eating disorders: 2021 in review

摘要

This review of 19 prevention-related publications in Eating Disorders during 2021 is framed by four models: (1) Mental Health Intervention Spectrum: health promotion -> types of prevention -> case identification/referral -> treatment; (2) the prevention cycle: rationale and theory, shaped by critical reviews -> clarifying risk and protective factors -> program innovation and feasibility studies -> efficacy and effectiveness research -> program dissemination; (3) links between disordered eating (DE) and eating disorders (EDs); and (4) Kraemer and Jacobi's criteria for variable, causal risk factors (RFs). Twelve articles demonstrated the strengths and limitations of cross-sectional investigations of RFs for DE and EDs: five explored the role of trauma in activating genetic and psychological RFs (e.g., anxiety and experiential avoidance), while five suggest other variables meriting further evaluation: ergogenic supplement use, "feeling fat," internalized weight bias, food insecurity, and compulsive exercising. One article presents a pilot program that reduced risk factors in a high-risk group: professional ballerinas. Implications of the absence of efficacy, effectiveness, dissemination, and advocacy studies, along with the need to develop tailored programs for various high-risk groups, are discussed.