Wheel-rail contact in railway engineering is an important topic. Due to different materials and surface roughness of wheel and rail, the contact characteristics can alter significantly. This article aims to investigate the effects of surface roughness and asperities on the contact parameters such as contact area, contact force, and contact stiffness. The lateral contacts between asperities are assumed to be the general contact condition. Azimuthal and contact angles distributions are assumed to be spherical harmonic distribution. This assumption is compatible with the asperity distribution on the wheel and the rail surfaces. Besides, a new combined model is developed to cover the stick-slip and the plasticity effects in contacting asperities. The results of the presented model offer very good estimations for the asperities contact characteristics, especially at the small-contact area and separation where high-contact pressure and plastic deformation usually exist.
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