Tokyo has been occupied at least 3 times. The first occupation occurred under Tokugawa Ieyasu, founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate. Ieyasu, who arrived in the 16th century, built Edo Castle on the Kojimachi plateau, the sotobori(outer moat) that connected Tameike with the Kanda River, and the uchibori(inner moat) by filling up the Hibiya inlet, thereby creating the basic framework of the city that persists today. During this first occupation, the largest feat of civil engineering was the public works project that made a deep cut into the Hongo plateau at Ochanomizu in order to create a direct link between the Kanda and Sumida Rivers. At the same time, a vast, sacred city of religious significance centered on Kaneiji Temple also took shape in a northeasterly direction outside this area, stretching from Yushima to Ueno.
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